Kopilo burial ground near Zenica - New insights into burial practices during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in central Bosnia

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Mario Gavranović
Irene Maria Petschko
Ikbal Cogo
Marina Dević
Lukas Waltenberger
Edin Bujak
Nicole Mittermair

Abstract

The cooperation between the Austrian Archaeological Institute (Austrian Academy of Sciences) and City Museum Zenica in the frame of the project “Visualizing the unknown Balkans” resulted in the discovery and subsequent archaeological investigations of the first documented graveyard of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in central Bosnia at the site Kopilo. The excavations conducted in 2021 and 2022 brought to light the cemetery located on the terrace below the previously investigated hilltop settlement and provided new insights into the mortuary practices of the local prehistoric population. In total, we unearthed 46 graves, with 51 individuals of all age groups. Most of the graves were placed in stone constructions that included several inhumation burials. We also found clear evidence of grave reopening and reuse, multiple burials and graves containing only selected body parts. The spectrum of metal and pottery finds consists of local, regional and forms of supra-regional distribution, indicating well-established communication networks of the community that used the cemetery.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
Gavranović, M., Petschko, I. M., Cogo, I., Dević, M., Waltenberger, L., Bujak, E., & Mittermair, N. (2023). Kopilo burial ground near Zenica - New insights into burial practices during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in central Bosnia. Godišnjak Centra Za balkanološka Ispitivanja, 52. https://doi.org/10.5644/Godisnjak.CBI.ANUBiH.52-172

References

  1. Bass, W. M. 1995, Human Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual, 4th edition, Missouri Archaeological Society, Colombo, Missouri 1995.
  2. Batović, Š. 1983, Srednjodalmatinska grupa, in: Benac, A. (Hrsg.), Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja IV – Bronzano doba, Sarajevo 1983, 331-357.
  3. Benac, A. / Čović, B. 1957, Glasinac II – Željezno doba, Katalog prehistorijske zbirke Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu 2, Sarajevo 1957.
  4. Blečić, M. / Pravidur, A. 2012, Ilirske kacige s područja Bosne i Hercegovine, Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu 53, Sarajevo 2012, 35-136.
  5. Boldsen, J. L. et al. 2002, Transition analysis: a new method for estimating age from skeletons, in: Hoppa, R. D. / Vaupel, J. W. (Hrsg.), Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples, 31, Cambridge 2002, 73-106.
  6. Brickley, M. / Mckinley, J. I. Hrsg. 2004, Guidelines to the Standards for Recording Human Remains, Institute of Field Archaeologists Paper No. 7, BABAO, Southampton, Reading, 2004.
  7. Bujak, E. 2012, Historija Gradišća od prahistorije do kraja srednjeg vijeka, Gradina 1, 2012, 9-31.
  8. Bulić, F. 1898, Predhistorično groblje u Postranju kod Imotskog, Vjesnik za arheologiju i historiju dalmatinsku 21, 1898, 158-170.
  9. Čović, B. 1956, Ilirska nekropola u Čarakovu, Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Sarajevu 11, Sarajevo 1956, 187-204.
  10. Čović, B. 1961, Grobnice željeznog doba iz Crvenice kod Duvna (Eisenzeitgraber aus Crvenica bei Duvno), Vjesnik za arheologiju i historiju dalmatinsku 63, 1961, 25-48.
  11. Čović, B. 1965, Einleitung in Stratigraphie und Chronologie prahistorischer Gradinen in Bosnien, Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Sarajevu 20, Sarajevo 1965, 27-145.
  12. Čović, B. 1975, Zwei spezifische Typen der westbalkanischen Bogenfibel, Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Bosnisch-Herzegowinischen Landesmuseums 5, 1975, 19-33.
  13. Čović, B. 1983, Srednjobosanska kulturna grupa, in: Benac, A. (Hrsg.), Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja IV – Bronzano doba, Sarajevo 1983, 433-461.
  14. Čović, B. 1984, Najstarija prošlost visočkog kraja – bakarno, bronzano i željezno doba, in: Visoko i okolina kroz istoriju I, Visoko 1984, 31-37.
  15. Čović, B. 1985, Praistorijska zbirka franjevačkog samostana na Humcu kod Ljubuškog, in: Zelenika, A. (Hrsg.), 100 godina Muezaj na Humcu (1884–1984), 1985, 49-67.
  16. Čović, B. 1987a, Glasinačka kultura, in: Benac, A. (Hrsg.), Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja V – Željezno doba, Sarajevo 1987, 575-644.
  17. Čović, B. 1987b, Srednjobosanska grupa, in: Benac, A. (Hrsg.), Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja V – Željezno doba, Sarajevo 1987, 481-531.
  18. Čović, B. 1987c, Srednjodalmatinska grupa, in: Benac, A. (Hrsg.), Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja V – Željezno doba, Sarajevo 1987, 442-481.
  19. Ferembach, D. / Schwidetzky, I. / Stloukal, M. 1979, Empfehlungen fur die Alters- und Geschlechtsdiagnose am Skelett, Homo 30, 1979, 1-32.
  20. Gavranović, M. 2007a, Eine dreischleifige Bogenfibel mit dreieckiger Fusplatte aus Bosnien, Arheološki vestnik 58, 2007, 157-166.
  21. Gavranović, M. 2007b, Keramik mit Basarabi und basarabi-artiger Ornamentik in Bosnien,
  22. Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja 34, Sarajevo 2007, 35-65.
  23. Gavranović, M. 2011, Die Spatbronze- und Fruheisenzeit in Bosnien, Universitatsforschungen zur prahistorischen Archaologie 195, Habelt, Bonn 2011.
  24. Gavranović, M. 2013, Urnenfelderzeitliche Gussformen aus dem westlichen Balkan, in: Rezi, B. / Nemeth. R. / Berecki, S. (Hrsg.), Bronze Age Crafts and Craftsmen in the Carpathian Basin, Proceedings of the international colloquium from Targu Mureş 5th–7th October 2012, Targu Mureş 2013, 149-167.
  25. Gavranović, M. 2014, Einzugsraum des Flusses Bosna wahrend der alteren Urnenfelderzeit, in: Ložnjak Dizdar, D. / Dizdar, M. (Hrsg.), The Beginning of the Late Bronze Age between the Eastern Alps and the Danube, Proceedings of the International conference in Osijek, October 20–22, 2011, Zagreb 2014, 249-261.
  26. Gavranović, M. 2016, Ladies first? Female burials of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age from Bosnia − chronology and cultural affiliation, in: Sirbu, V. / Jevtić, M. / Dmitrović, K. / Ljuština, M. (Hrsg.), Funerary Practices during the Bronze and the Iron Ages in the Central and Southeast Europe, Beograd – Čačak 2016, 91-109.
  27. Gavranović, M. 2018, No group, no people? Archeological record and creation of the groups in the western Balkans, in: Gimatzidis, S. / Pieniążek, M. / Votruba-Mangaloğlu, S. (Hrsg.), Archaeology across Frontiers and Borderlands. Fragmentation and Connectivity in the North Aegean and the Central Balkans from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, Oriental and European Archaeology 9, Vienna 2018, 427-447.
  28. Gavranović, M. et al. 2021, Nova istraživanja lokaliteta brončanog i željeznog doba na području Zenice, Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja 50, Sarajevo 2021, 7-41.
  29. Gavranović, M. et al. 2022, Emergence of monopoly – Copper exchange networks during the Late Bronze Age in the western and central Balkans, PLOS ONE 17 (3), 2022, e0263823.
  30. Gavranović, M. et al. 2023, Kopilo: a newly discovered Late Bronze and Iron Age burial ground in Bosnia, Antiquity 97, 2023, e10. DOI: 10.15184/ aqy.2023.10.
  31. Gavranović, M. / Petschko, I. M. 2020, Bronze Age communities in central Bosnia, in: Gavranović, M. / Horejs, B. (Hrsg.), Visualizing the Unknown Balkans / Vizualizacija nepoznatog Balkana, Wien 2020, 73-85.
  32. Gavranović, M. / Sejfuli, A. 2015, Unpublizierte Bronzefunde aus dem Lašvatal in Zentralbosnien, Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja 44, Sarajevo 2015, 67-93.
  33. Gavranović, M. / Sejfuli, A. 2018, The Early Iron Age in Central Bosnia – overview and research perspectives, Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja 47, Sarajevo 2018, 27-45.
  34. Gergova, D. 1987, Fruh- und altereisenzeitliche Fibeln in Bulgarien, Prahistorische Bronzefunde XIV/7, Munchen 1987.
  35. Guma, M. 1993, Civilizaţia primei epoci a fierului in sud-vestul Romanei, Bibliotheca Thracologica 4, Bucureşti 1993.
  36. Heilmann, D. 2016, Contextualising bow fibulae with Boeotian shield plates: Cultural transfer processes during early iron age in the Central Balkan area, Starinar 66, 2016, 9-26.
  37. Işcan, M. Y. / Miller-Shaivitz, P. 1984, Discriminant function sexing of the tibia, Journal of forensic sciences 29 (4), 1984, 1087-1093.
  38. Jamaković, O. / Žeravica, Z. 2010, Praistorijsko naselje Brdašce u Laktašima / Prehistoric settlement Brdašce in Laktaši, Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka istraživanja 39, Sarajevo 2010, 35-52.
  39. Korošec, J. 1942, Nekoliko novih nalaza sa gradine “Grad” iznad Semizovca, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu 54, Sarajevo 1942, 56-59.
  40. Lovejoy, C. O. 1985, Dental wear in the Libben population: Its functional pattern and role in the determination of adult skeletal age at death, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68, 1985, 47-56.
  41. Majnarić-Pandžić, N. 1993, Prilog poznavanju naselja i naseljenosti brodskoga Posavlja u kasno brončano doba, Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva 16, 1993, 49-161.
  42. Mandić, M. 1926, Prehistorijske i sredovječne utvrde oko Travnika = Prehistorische and mittelalterliche Befestigungen bei Travnik, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 38, Sarajevo 1926, 35-43.
  43. Mandić, M. 1933, Praistorijski nalazi prilikom rekognisciranja u okolici Kaknja, Semizovca i Novog Šehera kod Žepča, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 45, Sarajevo 1933, 1-6.
  44. Marić, Z. 1961, Vis kod Dervente, naselje kasnog bronzanog doba, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu 15–16, Sarajevo 1961, 151-171.
  45. Marić, Z. 1964, Donja Dolina, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu 19, Sarajevo 1964, 5-128.
  46. Medović, P. 1978, Naselja starijeg gvozdenog doba u jugoslovenskom Podunavlju, Dissertationes et Monographiae 22, Belgrad 1978.
  47. Medović, P. 1988, Kalakača. Naselje ranog gvozdenog doba, Posebna izdanja Vojvođanskog muzeja 10, Novi Sad 1988.
  48. Mehofer, M. / Gavranović, M. / Kapuran, A. 2021, Copper production and supra-regional exchange networks – Cu-matte smelting in the Balkans between 2000 and 1500 BC, Journal of Archaeological Science 129, 2021, 105378. DOI: 10.1016/j. jas.2021.105378.
  49. Metzner-Nebelsick, C. 2002, Der ‘Thrako-Kimmerische’ Formenkreis aus der Sicht der Urnenfelder- und Hallstattzeit im sudostlichen Pannonien, Vorgeschichtliche Forschungen 23, Rahden/Westfalen 2002.
  50. Milić, V. 1985, Bardačilovac, Jablanica – praistorijska nekropola, Arheološki pregled 2, 1985, 62-64.
  51. Moorrees, C. / Fanning, E. / Hunt, E. 1963, Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth, Dental Research 42 (6), 1963, 1490-1502. Muller-Scheesel, N. / Hofmann, R. 2013, Der Fundplatz Zagrebnica bei Papratnica, in: Muller, J. / Rassmann, K. / Hofmann, R. (Hrsg.), Okolište 1 – Untersuchungen einer spatneolithischen Siedlungskammer in Zentralbosnien, Universitatsforschungen zur prahistorischen Archaologie 228, Bonn 2013, 143-172
  52. Pabst, S. 2008, Zur absoluten Datierung des ersten fruheisenzeitlichen Horizonts auf dem nordlichen Centralbalkan, Germania 86, 2008, 592-655.
  53. Pare, C. 1998, Beitrage zum Ubergang von der Bronze-zur Eisenzeit in Mitteleuropa. Teil I. Grundzuge der Chronologie im ostlichen Mitteleuropa (11.–8. Jahrhundert v. Chr.), Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 45, 1998, 293-433.
  54. Perić, S. 2002, O problemu načina sahranjivanja u gornjem toku reke Bosne tokom bronzanog i gvozdenog doba, Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja 30, Sarajevo 2002, 179-199.
  55. Perić, S. 2004, Топографија и културно-хронолошке карактеритике насеља бронзаног и гвозденог доба у горњем току реке Босне (Topografija i kulturno-hronološke karakteritike naselja bronzanog i gvozdenog doba u gornjem toku reke Bosne), Zbornik za istoriju Bosne i Hercegovine 4, 2004, 1-45.
  56. Petrović, B. 2010, Asfaltna Baza u Zemunu: naselje ranog gvozdenog doba = Asfaltna Baza in Zemun: early iron age settlement, Monografije Muzeja Grada Beograda, Beograd 2010.
  57. Pravidur, A. 2012, Hillfort Čolaci above Donji Vakuf in central Bosnia – new research and new findings in the central Bosnian cultural group through the typology of ceramic pottery, in: Gutjahr, C. / Tiefengraber, G. (Hrsg.), Beitrage zur Hallstattzeit am Rande des Sudostalpen, Rahden-Westfalen 2012, 9-29.
  58. Radimsky, W. 1893, Skelettgraber der Hallstattperiode im Bezirke Visoko, Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen aus Bosnien und der Hercegovina 1, 1893, 55-60.
  59. Schaefer, M. / Black, S. / Scheuer, L. 2009, Juvenile osteology: A laboratory and field manual, Elsevier, Burlington, MA 2009.
  60. Sielski, S. 1931, Arheološki nalazi u okolici Travnika i Žepča, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 43, Sarajevo 1931, 7-12.
  61. Teržan, B. 1987, The Early Iron Age Chronology of the Central Balkans: A Review from the Viewpoint of the Southeastern Alpine Hallstatt, Archaeologia Jugoslavica 24, 1987, 7-27.
  62. Teržan, B. 1990, Polmesečaste fibule. O kulturnih povezavah med Egejo in Caput Adriae, Arheološki Vestnik 41, 1990, 48-88.
  63. Trajković, Č. 1971, Kopilo, Zenica – praistorijska gradina, Arheološki pregled 13, 1971, 26-27.
  64. Truhelka, Ć. 1902, Zwei prahistorische Funde aus Gorica (Bezirk Ljubuški), Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen aus Bosnien und der Hercegovina 8, 1902, 3-47.
  65. Vasić, R. 1987, Bosutska Grupa, in: Benac, A. (Hrsg.), Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja V – Željezno doba, Sarajevo 1987, 536-555.
  66. Vasić, R. 1999, Die Fibeln im Zentralbalkan, Prahistorische Bronzefunde XIV/12, F. Steiner, Stuttgart 1999.
  67. Vasić, R. 2003, Die Nadeln im Zentralbalkan (Vojvodina, Serbien, Kosovo und Makedonien), Prahistorische Bronzefunde XII/11, F. Steiner, Stuttgart 2003.
  68. Zukanović, A. / Mulaomerović, J. / Marjanović, D. 2007, Results of paleostomatological analysis of material from the cave near Gornji Vakuf, Acta Carsologica 36/3, 2007, 485-492.
  69. Zukanović, A. / Vodanović, M. / Mulaomerović, J. 2012, Paleodontological analysis of an Iron Age dental sample from a cave burial site near Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Acta Medico- Historica Adriatica 10 (1), 2012, 9-22.

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.